Abstract
This research aims to look at the link between environmental pollutants and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak in California. To illustrate the COVID-19 outbreak, weather, and environmental pollution, we used daily confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients, average daily temperature, and air quality Index, respectively. To evaluate the data from March 1 to May 24, 2020, we used continuous wavelet transform and then applied partial wavelet coherence (PWC), wavelet transform coherence (WTC), and multiple wavelet coherence (MWC). Empirical estimates disclose a significant association between these series at different time-frequency spaces. The COVID-19 outbreak in California and average daily temperature show a negative (out phase) coherence. Similarly, the air quality index and COVID-19 also show a negative association circle during the second week of the observed period. Our findings will serve as policy implications for state and health officials and regulators to combat the COVID-19 outbreak.
Highlights
In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a newly discovered infectious coronavirus, was first detected in Wuhan [1,2,3]
Environmental pollution is measured through the Air Quality Index (AQI), which has been taken from Environmental pollution agency (EPA)
The average daily temperature in California is taken as a proxy for climate indicators and sourced from www.accuweather.com
Summary
In December 2019, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a newly discovered infectious coronavirus, was first detected in Wuhan [1,2,3]. After identifying a cluster of COVID-19, the total confirmed cases rose in Wuhan and in the rest of China and turned into an epidemic [5]. Wuhan [6] and later on, the whole country was put on lockdown [7] to ease the health facilities and slow down the transmission of COVID-19 [8]. After breakouts of COVID-19 cases in Italy, Iran, and other nations, WHO declared a worldwide health emergency on January 30 [9]. As we can see from the figure that there is a continued increasing trend throughout the sample period
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