Investigating the Association of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) Polymorphisms with Vitiligo Susceptibility

Abstract

Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is a co-activator of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and is also strongly activated by DNA damage. PARP has also been found to be associated with several autoimmune disorders. Vitiligo is a polygenic, multifactorial, acquired skin disorder caused due to loss of epidermal melanocytes. Among others, genetic and immunological factors are associated with vitiligo pathogenesis. Aim: To investigate the association of PARP1 exon 17 (rs1136410; V762A) and promoter CA microsatellite repeat (rs1136410) polymorphisms, and NF-κB promoter -94 indelATTG (rs28362491) polymorphism with vitiligo pathogenesis in Gujarat population. Methods: Genotyping of PARP1 17T/C (rs5030870) polymorphism was done by PCR-RFLP.PARP1 CA microsatellite and NF-κB-94 indel (rs28362491) polymorphisms were genotyped by Real-Time PCR. Anti-PARP antibody levels were assessed by ELISA. Results: The results suggested no significant difference in allele and genotype frequencies of PARP1 17 T/C (p=0.5094 and p=0.4201, respectively), PARP1 CA microsatellite polymorphisms (p=0.9519 and p=0.9338, respectively) and NF-κB-94 ATTG indel polymorphism (p=0.1482 and p=0.3784, respectively) in patients as compared to controls. Conclusion: This study suggests no association of PARP1 17 T/C, PARP1 CA microsatellite and NF-κB-94 ATTG indel polymorphisms with vitiligo susceptibility in Gujarat population. Additionally, anti-PARP1 antibody levels were not significantly different among patients and controls. These findings suggest the need for additional studies to explore the role of PARP1 in vitiligo pathogenesis. Keywords: Vitiligo, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(PARP-1), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), polymorphisms, Autoimmunity