Investigating the Aromatic Compound Changes in Table Grape Varieties during Growth and Development, Using HS-SPME-GC/MS

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the aromatic compounds present in the different aroma types of different table grape varieties and deeply understand the changes in the aromatic compounds during the growth and development process. The skin and flesh of three table grape varieties (‘Kyoho’, ‘Shine Muscat’, and ‘Ryuho’) in different growth and development stages were selected to determine their aromatic compounds using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and principal component analysis. The results showed that the aromatic compounds of the ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Ryuho’ grapes were similar, mainly containing C6 compounds and esters, whereas ‘Shine Muscat’ was characterized by C6 compounds and terpenes. The levels of aromatic compounds in the skin were higher than those in the flesh. The content of esters in ‘Ryuho’ was significantly higher than that in ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Shine Muscat’. This showed that ‘Ryuho’ combines the advantages of the parents in its aroma composition. Selecting suitable parents for hybridization is one method for obtaining new varieties with a special aroma. This provides a theoretical basis for future molecular hybrid breeding and molecular-assisted breeding, as well as molecular biology research on aroma synthesis and metabolism in table grapes.