Investigating Tensile Behavior of Sustainable Basalt–Carbon, Basalt–Steel, and Basalt–Steel-Wire Hybrid Composite Bars

Farzad Hatami,Alireza Rahai,Mohammadamin Mirdarsoltany,Farid Abed,Reza Homayoonmehr

doi:10.3390/su131910735

Farzad Hatami, Alireza Rahai + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/su131910735

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Abstract

One of the main disadvantages of steel bars is rebar corrosion, especially when they are exposed to aggressive environmental conditions such as marine environments. One of the suggested ways to solve this problem is to use composite bars. However, the use of these bars is ambiguous due to some weaknesses, such as low modulus of elasticity and linear behavior in the tensile tests. In this research, the effect of the hybridization process on mechanical behavior, including tensile strength, elastic modulus, and energy absorbed of composite bars, was evaluated. In addition, using basalt fibers because of their appropriate mechanical behavior, such as elastic modulus, tensile strength, durability, and high-temperature resistance, compared to glass fibers, as the main fibers in all types of composite hybrid bars, was investigated. A total of 12 hybrid composite bars were made in four different groups. Basalt and carbon T300 composite fibers, steel bars with a diameter of 6 mm, and steel wires with a diameter of 1.5 mm were used to fabricate hybrid composite bars, and vinyl ester 901 was used as the resin. The results show that, depending on composite fibers used for fabrication of hybrid composite bars, the modulus of elasticity and the tensile strength increased compared to glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer (GFRP) bars by 83% to 120% and 6% to 26%, respectively. Moreover, hybrid composite bars with basalt and steel wires witnessed higher absorbed energy compared to other types of hybrid composite bars.

Highlights

Steel bars are some of the most widely used materials in the construction industry [1].One of the drawbacks of steel bars is their low durability against aggressive environmental conditions, including marine environments and cities’ atmospheres containing high CO2 concentrations, which cause corrosion of these bars in reinforced-concrete (RC)elements [2,3,4] and reduce the long-term performance of them [5,6,7]
The results showed that this process could improve the elastic modulus and ductility of the GFRP bars
As many studies mainly focused on the effects of the hybridization process on the mechanical behavior of GFRP bars and only a limited number of studies investigated the influence of this process on BFRP bars, the main aim of this study was to fabricate and evaluate different types of hybrid composite bars using basalt fibers

Summary

Introduction

Steel bars are some of the most widely used materials in the construction industry [1].One of the drawbacks of steel bars is their low durability against aggressive environmental conditions, including marine environments and cities’ atmospheres containing high CO2 concentrations, which cause corrosion of these bars in reinforced-concrete (RC)elements [2,3,4] and reduce the long-term performance of them [5,6,7]. Steel bars are some of the most widely used materials in the construction industry [1]. One of the drawbacks of steel bars is their low durability against aggressive environmental conditions, including marine environments and cities’ atmospheres containing high CO2 concentrations, which cause corrosion of these bars in reinforced-concrete (RC). Researchers have proposed different ways to overcome steel-corrosion problems in RC elements, mainly divided into three methods. The first method is to use a hybrid system in such a way that steel and composite bars are used simultaneously in the reinforcedconcrete section [1,13,14,15]. Despite the decrease in the percentage of steel reinforcement in Sustainability 2021, 13, 10735.

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