Investigating Smoking Behavior in Iranian Smokers Based on Transtheoretical Model

Abstract

<p><strong>BACKGROUND:</strong> Smoking causes more than 4 million deaths annually in the globe. This study aimed to understand the behavior of smoking in smokers, Ilam, Iran according to the Transtheoretical model.</p><p><strong>METHODS</strong><strong>:</strong> In a cross-sectional survey, 400 smokers and ex-smokers who were enrolled via convenient sampling in 2015 completed a questionnaire based on TTM variables according to Rhode Island University. Gathered data were analyzed using SPSS 18.Alpha level set at 0.05.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> According to multiple analyses of variance with the standardized effect size, smoking temptation revealed large effect size (0.14).In General, two higher order processes of changes, cognitive and behavioral processes had significant effect size with 0.17 and 0.13, respectively. Conversely, other Most TTM variables showed low effect size.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS</strong><strong>: </strong>This study showed that except smoking temptation other TTM constructs demonstrated low effect size in Iranian smokers. The findings of the current study are inconsistent with TTM nature.</p>