Abstract
Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl) is a membrane-permeable superoxide dismutase and potentially neuroprotective substance. This study evaluates the retinal tolerance of 0.5mM, 1mM, 2mM, and 5mM tempol measured by the electroretinogram (ERG) of an isolated and perfused retina whole mount. For functionality testing, bovine retinas were prepared and perfused with an oxygen-saturated standard solution, and the ERG was recorded until stable b-wave amplitudes were reached. Tempol concentrations of 0.5mM, 1mM, 2mM, and 5mM were tested for 45minutes. To investigate the effects on photoreceptor function, 1mM aspartate was added to suppress the b-wave and obtain isolated a-waves. ERG amplitudes were monitored for 100minutes. While no toxic effects for concentrations of 0.5mM and 1mM tempol could be detected, concentrations of 2mM tempol and higher caused statistically significant negative effects on the b-wave amplitude (-38%, p = 0.02 for 2mM; -54%, p =0.02 for 5mM). The a-wave amplitude remained stable even at higher concentrations. Although the photoreceptors seem to have a tolerance to high concentrations of tempol, higher intravitreal concentrations than 1mM should be considered critical.
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