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Abstract
The striking resemblance of high multiplicity proton-proton (pp) collisions at the LHC to heavy ion collisions challenges our conventional wisdom on the formation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). A consistent explanation of the collectivity phenomena in pp will help us to understand the mechanism that leads to the QGP-like signals in small systems. In this study, we introduce a transport model approach connecting the initial conditions provided by PYTHIA8 with subsequent AMPT rescatterings to study the collective behavior in high energy pp collisions. The multiplicity dependence of light hadron productions from this model is in reasonable agreement with the pp sqrt{s}=13 TeV experimental data. It is found in the comparisons that both the partonic and hadronic final state interactions are important for the generation of the radial flow feature of the pp transverse momentum spectra. The study also shows that the long range two particle azimuthal correlation in high multiplicity pp events is sensitive to the proton sub-nucleon spatial fluctuations.
Highlights
The observation of the surprising collectivity in pp collisions challenges our conventional wisdom on the formation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium and invites a lot of theoretical studies to understand its origin [5,21,22,23]
It is found in our study that different proton geometries for the initial condition have a negligible impact on the inclusive particle productions
Experimental results revealing collectivity like behaviors in high multiplicity pp collisions have been considered as evidence supporting the creation of deconfined quark gluon medium in small systems
Summary
The observation of the surprising collectivity in pp collisions challenges our conventional wisdom on the formation of the QGP medium and invites a lot of theoretical studies to understand its origin [5,21,22,23]. Alternative approaches focusing on the initial state gluon correlations based on the color glass condensate are found to be successful in describing the qualitative features of the seemingly collective behavior [33,34,35,36]. Another group of works relies on extensions to the traditional string fragmentation model in the PYTHIA event generator [37,38] by considering interactions between multiple string objects when they overlap in the transverse space.
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