Investigating functional performance and substituent effect in modelling molecular structure, UV-visible spectra, and optical properties of D-π-A conjugated organic dye molecules: a DFT and TD-DFT study

Kriti Batra,Garima Chanana

doi:10.1007/s00894-021-04824-y

Kriti Batra, Garima Chanana

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00894-021-04824-y

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Abstract

The molecular structure, UV-visible spectra, and optical properties of D-π-A conjugated organic dye molecules (Disperse Red 1 (DR1) and Disperse Red 73 (DR73)) were analyzed using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and compared with azobenzene molecule to study the effect of donor and acceptor substituents on the molecular properties. The performance of DFT functionals is investigated using B3LYP hybrid functional and three long-range corrected functionals (CAM-B3LYP, LC-ω PBE, and ω B97XD) in conjunction with 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Using TD-DFT, we calculate the vertical excitation energies and transition dipole moment values for 100 excited states. These values were further utilized to calculate frequency dependent polarizability under sum-over-states (SOS) formalism and refractive index of these molecular systems. We observe that for azobenzene and DR1 molecules, ω B97XD predicted wavelengths corresponding to peak absorbance closest to the experimental results, while for DR73 molecule, B3LYP gave better prediction. Large polarizability response is also observed for these molecules (DR1 and DR73) in comparison to parent azobenzene structure due to charge transfer between donor and acceptor groups. For DR1 and DR73 molecules, αxx component of polarizability dominates in contrast to azobenzene where αyy dominates. The HOMO → LUMO transition during excitation contributes to the peak molecular response in simulated UV-visible spectra. The high polarizability response of selected D-π-A conjugated molecules in comparison to parent molecule suggests that these molecules are promising candidates for tailor-made photonic and optoelectronic device development. Graphical Abstract Functional and substituent effect on the optical response of D-π-A conjugated molecules modelled using DFT and TDDFT.

Highlights

Novel organic optical materials have garnered significant scientific interest due to their potential applications in optical data storage [1], molecular photovoltaics [2,3], laser technology [4], organic photonics [5], and nonlinear optics [6]
We investigate the molecular response of D-π-A conjugated organic dye molecules (Disperse Red 1 (DR1) and Disperse Red 73 (DR73)) using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT) and compare it with parent azobenzene structure to highlight the effect of substituents
DR1 and DR73 molecules consist of a donor and an acceptor group attached to the azobenzene molecule

Summary

Introduction

Novel organic optical materials have garnered significant scientific interest due to their potential applications in optical data storage [1], molecular photovoltaics [2,3], laser technology [4], organic photonics [5], and nonlinear optics [6]. It has been observed that organic molecules exhibit large intrinsic optical responses and are promising candidates for optoelectronic and photonic applications [7, 8]. Quantum chemical methods act as an excellent computational tool to predict the optical properties of these organic molecules and identify the structure-property relationship within these molecules [17]. The molecular structure and absorption spectrum of the DR1 dye molecule has been computationally studied by Ojanen et al [18]. Poprawa-Smoluch [19] investigated the photoisomerization property of DR1 with the help of Transient Absorption Spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations

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