Abstract
The present study was aimed at measuring citizens’ behavior intention (BI) regarding mandatory and voluntary pro-environmental programs. Two pro-environmental activities, which consist of an environmental impact assessment (EIA) as a mandatory program and ecolabel products as a voluntary program, were predicted by a pro-environmental planned behavior (PEPB) model. A total of 240 questionnaire data on the EIA subject and 213 questionnaire data on the ecolabel subject were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The analysis results show that the PEPB model is able to describe 60% of BI regarding the EIA subject and 77% of citizen BI regarding the ecolabel product subject. Attitude (AT) was revealed to be the lowest direct influence factor of citizen BI regarding the EIA participation result. For the ecolabel products, AT was explored as the strongest factor. Practical suggestions described in this research can be used as a consideration for company management as well as for policy makers to formulate their efforts to improve citizen BI in order to support voluntary and mandatory pro-environmental programs.
Highlights
The size of the worldwide population is without a doubt increasing continuously
The environmental impact assessment (EIA) respondents were from 43 cities, while the ecolabel respondents were from 47 cities in Indonesia
An average variance extracted (AVE) test is the average quantity of variance on observed variables, which describes the variance in a latent construct [5,6]
Summary
Many urban activities are performed every year to overcome citizens’ needs These activities, such as the development of buildings, industrialization, infrastructure, and many others, are frequently disturbing and create a negative impact on the environment [1,2,3,4]. Since environmental problems are an issue faced by every nation, all the governments worldwide have the essential position to determine the future positive or negative conditions of the environment. Governments can issue many regulations at a certain level in order to manage the sustainability of the environment. These regulations can be in the form of mandatory activities, voluntary activities, or even some prohibited policies as a threshold level for both mentioned activities
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