Abstract
A physics-based impedance response model of a graphite|LiNMC cell is developed to investigate the effect of high-temperature calendar aging on electrode microstructure. Experimental data indicate unique contributions to aging from each electrode. The model relaxes the constraints placed by the Bruggeman relation, instead using a free parameter to relate the porosity and tortuosity. The incorporation of a two-layered cathode particle and adjustment of the Bruggeman relation produce mid- and low-frequency responses that quantitatively agree with the experimental data. The significance of the model modifications toward measuring the effects of high-temperature aging is discussed.
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