Investigating bioactive phytochemicals in bulb and shoot of Allium longisepalum Bertol. from Iran

Abstract

This study investigated a wide range of bioactive compounds in bulb and shoot of Allium longisepalum Bertol. from Iran. The organs were first extracted with methanol, followed by hexane, dichloromethane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol, and phytochemicals in fractions were analysed using GC/MS. Butanol exhibited the highest yield percentages in both organs. Palmitic and oleic acid were found in all fractions, while heptadecene-(8)-carboxylic acid, stearic acid, and myristic acid were detected in at least three fractions. Each fraction contained exclusively unique metabolites found only in itself. Hexane, dichloromethane, and chloroform fractions contained specific metabolites with potential antioxidant, allelopathic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. Ethyl acetate and butanol fractions revealed significant compounds that have potential in terms of their anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, hair growth-enhancing, and antimicrobial properties, in addition to containing compounds not previously identified in plants. The study analyzes bioactive compound profiles in A. longisepalum, highlighting its chemical diversity and therapeutic potential.