Abstract
BackgroundGlomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a valid indicator of kidney function. Different factors can affect GFR. The purpose of this study is to assess the direct and indirect effects of GFR-related factors using structural equation modeling.Patients and methodsWe analyzed data from the baseline phase of the Ravansar Non-Communicable Disease cohort study. Data on socio-behavioral, nutritional, cardiovascular, and metabolic risk factors were analyzed using a conceptual model in order to test direct and indirect effects of factors related to GFR, separately in male and female, using the structural equation modeling.ResultsOf 8927 individuals who participated in this study, 4212 subjects were male (47.20%). The mean and standard deviation of GFR was 76.05 (±14.31) per 1.73 m2. GFR for 0.2, 11.3, 73.0 and 15.5% of people were < 30, 30 − 59, 60 − 90 and >90, respectively. Hypertension and aging in both sexes and atherogenic factor in males directly, and in females, directly and indirectly, had decreasing effects on GFR. Blood urea nitrogen and smoking in male and female, directly or indirectly through other variables, were associated with a lower GFR. In females, diabetes had a direct and indirect decreasing effect on GFR. Obesity in females was directly associated with upper and indirectly associated with lower GFR.ConclusionAccording to our results, aging, hypertension, diabetes, obesity, high lipid profile, and BUN had a decreasing direct and indirect effect on GFR. Although low GFR might have different reasons, our findings, are in line with other reports and provide more detailed information about important risk factors of low GFR. Public awareness of such factors can improve practice of positive health behaviors.
Highlights
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a valid indicator of kidney function
There is strong evidence suggesting that the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been mainly caused by risk factors of cardiovascular diseases including high blood pressure, diabetes, and dyslipidemia
Lower eGFR was associated with older age, hypertension, diabetes, blood lipids, increase in Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and lower physical activity (Table 1)
Summary
Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a valid indicator of kidney function. Different factors can affect GFR. Increased prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with an increased number of deaths as well as other complications in the form of other chronic conditions including cardiovascular diseases. EGFR has been widely used for the assessment of kidney function as well as to monitor disease progression [3]. There is strong evidence suggesting that the development and progression of CKD have been mainly caused by risk factors of cardiovascular diseases including high blood pressure, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Known risk factors for CKD development and progression include aging, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and smoking [7,8,9,10,11,12,13]
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