Abstract
Agriculture is one of the major sources of livelihood for the Iraqi people as one-third of Iraq population resides in rural areas and depends upon agriculture for their livelihoods. This study aims to estimate the impact of temperature variability on crops productivity across the agro-climatic zones in Salah Al-Din governorate using climate satellite-based data for the period 2000 to 2018. The average annual air temperature based on satellite data was downloaded from the GLDAS Model NOAH025_M v2.1, and interpolates using Kriging interpolation/spherical model. Thirteen strategic crops were selected which is Courgette, garlic, Onion, Sweet Pepper, Watermelon, Melon, Cucumber, Tomato, Potato, Eggplant, Wheat, Barley, and Maize. Temperature requirements for each crop during the growing period were compared with actual temperature from GLDAS data. The study highlighted the impacts of temperature changes on agricultural productivity. The results show that there are some crops that are not achieving optimum productivity, such as Courgette first seasons (December-March), Garlic, Onion, and Cucumber. Whereas, there are other crops that achieve good productivity, such as Courgette second season (March- June), Sweet Pepper, Watermelon, Melon, Tomato, Potato, Eggplant, Maize, Wheat, and Barley. The study recommends proper mitigate and adaptive strategies to enhance the positive and lessen the adverse impacts of temperature changes on crops productivity across agro-climatic zones in Iraq.
Highlights
Agriculture is one of the major sources of livelihood for the Iraqi people as one-third of Iraq population resides in rural areas and depends upon agriculture for their livelihoods
Is the main source of employment in rural areas, with crop production being the major source of income for 75% percent of Iraqi farmers
The World Food Programme (WFP)/Government of Iraq food security analysis conducted in 2007/2008 revealed that about 930,000 Iraqis are food–insecure, and about six and a half million are on the threshold of food insecurity[1]
Summary
Agriculture is one of the major sources of livelihood for the Iraqi people as one-third of Iraq population resides in rural areas and depends upon agriculture for their livelihoods. Is the main source of employment in rural areas, with crop production being the major source of income for 75% percent of Iraqi farmers. The sector of agriculture provides 20 % of employment and it is the second contributor to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) after the oil sector in Iraq. Food security is defined as the condition when “all people, at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”. Improved food security that relies on firm sustainable food systems that make advantages from information technologies is essential to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) [2]
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