Investigate the impact of microorganism species richness, carrier materials, and nitrogen fertilizer on (Eruca vesicaria subsp. Sativa) growth and its active compounds content: Running Title; Fertilizer and Arugula

Abstract

Using microorganisms is one of the most important tools to increase plant production without harming our environment and health. However, little is known about microbial diversity and related that to soil nutrients in arugula plants. Therefore, we hypothesize that mixing more microorganisms with suitable carrier materials will improve arugula growth and its active compounds. Using two factors biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer, biofertilizer including: mycorrhizae (30g) Trichoderma asperellum (30 g), Bacillus subtilis (50 ml/L), and a combination of microorganisms (Bacteria and fungi Trichoderma and Mycorrhizae) in that order (B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, and B6). Chemical fertilizer including nitrogen, comparison, and at a rate of 15 kg per acre (or one-fourth of the recommended rate), and 30 kg per acre (or half the recommended rate), respectively (A1, A2, A3). The results showed that:Adding bacteria and their carrier materials was significantly superior to the leaf content of active compounds (phenols, flavonoids, and tannins), whose values reached 1.083 (mg.g-1dry weight), 35.98(mg.g-1dry weight), and 1.086(mg.g-1dry weight) and sequentiall, and addition of Trichoderma and and their carrier materials was significantly superior to the leaves’ content of elements (N, P, and K), whose values reached 3.98% and 0.88% and 4.92%, respectively, and quantity of yield in the first harvest increased upon the addition of combination of microorganisms and nitrogen fertilizer (urea). The use of environmentally friendly fertilizers is critical to promoting both plant development and the increasing of beneficial active compounds, and this research provides useful insights into how to best cultivate arugula organically. Using such environmentally friendly methods is crucial to promote sustainable agriculture.