Abstract
The Zhangcheng District is critically responsible for protecting water resources, preserving sand sources, and improving the ecological environment in Beijing. Quantitative evaluation and research on the ecosystem water supply services in this area are beneficial for developing conservation planning and establishing ecological compensation mechanisms in water conservation areas. In this paper, based on the land use, meteorological, soil, and field observation data of the research area, the InVEST water yield model is used to estimate the water supply of the ecosystem in the Zhangcheng District. The model quantitatively analyzes the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of water supply services in the basin and the influence of different topographic factors. The results show that the average supply of ecosystem water in the Zhangcheng District is approximately 45 mm, and there is a degree of spatial heterogeneity. The total water supply in the Zhangcheng District is relatively small. The water resource supply in the southwest is relatively small, the rainfall in mountainous forest areas in the southeast is high, its water supply is higher, and the supply of forest land water is relatively high. The high-value areas are mainly distributed at 1500 to 3500 m and 15°~40°; the water supply on the sunny slope is greater than that on the shady slope. With the increase in altitude and slope, the water supply in the basin tends to increase first and then decrease.
Highlights
Between 1995 and 2015, the water supply service in the Zhangcheng District showed a trend of first increasing and slightly decreasing, and the distribution pattern showed minor changes. This phenomenon is related to watershed meteorological factors and the distribution area of the vegetation distribution pattern from a vegetation landscape type
Precipitation in the watershed of the Zhangcheng District is the primary source of ecosystem water circulation, and potential evaporation indirectly reflects the water consumption capacity of regional ecosystems [35,42]; the bottom surface state and its spatial distribution affect the distribution pattern of the water supply capacity of watershed ecosystems [44]
Areas with a high water supply in the Zhangcheng District are mainly distributed in mountainous forest areas with abundant rainfall and lush forest growth, such as Fengning Manchu Autonomous
Summary
Forest water conservation has become one of the most crucial issues in forest ecosystems [1]. The forest canopy, detritus layer, and soil layer are regularly recognized as the main redistribution areas [2,3] that effectively conserve soil moisture and regulate river flow [4,5]. Water resource supply is important in maintaining regional biodiversity and other key ecosystem functions [6,7], affecting the region’s population, socio-economic development, and layout [8]. Surface water shortages, and the rapid deterioration of the water environment [9,10], quantitative spatial and visual assessment of the water supply capability of regional ecosystems is one of the most important research topics in hydrology and ecology [11,12,13]
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