Invertebrados macrobentônicos detectados na costa brasileira transportados por resíduos flutuantes sólidos abiogênicos

Abstract

The dispersion of benthic animals through natural substrata (pumice, seaweed floats elements, leaves, seeds and stems of higher plants and parts of organisms- usually parts of the skeleton and shells) and anthropogenic solid waste (glass bottles, paperboard and wood products, fishing tools and oil derivatives, like tar and plastic materials) has been reported in all oceans. In order to know the identity of this community of travelers' invertebrates on abiogenic debris occurring in Brazilian littoral, it was made a literature review of the species listed as having an association with these vectors in the country and elsewhere. Informations on habit, geographical distribution and substrata were done It was compiled 122 species transported mainly by plastic substrates, as well materials composed by nylon, metal and glass; most of the mentioned substrata was unidentified debris. The four groups numerically more frequent were: Bryozoa, Crustacea, Cnidaria, and Mollusca. The community comprised an unrepresentative native fauna (4.9%) and mostly cosmopolitan species of cryptogenic origin (44.3%) and nonindigenous (50.8%), in this case, originated principally from the Atlantic Ocean (western and eastern). The traveler community consists primarily of sessile animals, although there were observations of sedentary and vagile species, all of them inhabitants of the intertidal or preferably living in the shallow sublittoral. Although a large number of species also uses other vectors of dispersal, it can infer that the passive transport of invertebrates on anthropogenic debris carried by the currents creates additional opportunities for dispersal. Some species were found in debris washed away by coastal currents along the Brazilian coast or in major ocean currents (the South Equatorial Current and South of Brazil) could be attributed to this vector as responsible for their introduction on the coast. These are the cases of the polychaetes Amphinome rostrata, Hermodice carunculata and Hipponoa