Abstract
A method for estimating the position parameters of a low speed target (LST) in near space was presented. The estimation method utilizes apparent magnitude, azimuthal angle, and angle of elevation to invert the position of a typical LST, such as a high altitude balloon (HAB). A photometric observation model composed of specular and diffuse reflection components for the LST was established. An astrometric observation model was discussed to deduce the azimuth and elevation of a ground-based opto-electronic detection system for the LST. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) was designed to invert the state parameters of the position and velocity of the LST from photometric and astrometric data. Two sets of simulations were carried out to validate this inversion method. The simulation results show that the simulation errors for the estimated parameters are small, the estimated positions agree with GPS very well, and the non-resolved photometric and angular data can be used to estimate the indirect observable position state parameters for a LST in near space.
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