Abstract
A detailed analysis of municipal waste incineration plant, brings to light several typical operational problems such as the inverse response of the steam flowrate produced with respect to a waste feed flowrate variation. In fact, when the waste load is increased, it is generally presumed that the steam flowrate will increase since the burnable material available has increased. However, the waste temperature and moisture content correspond to an initial heat requirement that can reduce the combustion temperature. With such behavior a simple feedback control structure generates unacceptable oscillations of the controlled variable, which seriously compromise the stability of the process itself. This paper will try to address, to discuss and to solve the inherent problems related to the synthesis of a compensation control algorithm. A design for an improved control structure will be proposed through the use of a detailed dynamic simulation model of the incineration unit. Finally, this control strategy implemented on-line in an Italian municipal waste plant, through the interaction between a personal computer and a Digital Control System (DCS) device, will provide the experimental closed-loop data to be compared with the theoretical ones and will make it possible to check the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed configuration.
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