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Abstract
Previously, a micro-finite element (micro-FE)-based inverse remodelling method was presented in the literature that reconstructs the loading history of a bone based on its architecture alone. Despite promising preliminary results, it remains unclear whether this method is sensitive enough to detect differences of bone loading related to pathologies or habitual activities. The goal of this study was to test the sensitivity of the inverse remodelling method by predicting joint loading histories of metacarpal bones of species with similar anatomy but clearly distinct habitual hand use. Three groups of habitual hand use were defined using the most representative primate species: manipulation (human), suspensory locomotion (orangutan), and knuckle-walking locomotion (bonobo, chimpanzee, gorilla). Nine to ten micro-computed tomography scans of each species (n=48 in total) were used to create micro-FE models of the metacarpal head region. The most probable joint loading history was predicted by optimally scaling six load cases representing joint postures ranging from -,75^{circ } (extension) to +,75^{circ } (flexion). Predicted mean joint load directions were significantly different between knuckle-walking and non-knuckle-walking groups (p<0.05) and in line with expected primary hand postures. Mean joint load magnitudes tended to be larger in species using their hands for locomotion compared to species using them for manipulation. In conclusion, this study shows that the micro-FE-based inverse remodelling method is sensitive enough to detect differences of joint loading related to habitual manual activities of primates and might, therefore, be useful for palaeoanthropologists to reconstruct the behaviour of extinct species and for biomedical applications such as detecting pathological joint loading.
Highlights
A micro-finite element (FE)-based inverse remodelling method was developed that reconstructs the loading history of a bone based on its architecture alone (Christen et al 2012; Fischer et al 1998)
Two hypotheses were investigated for this purpose: first (H1) that the predicted joint load direction would correlate with the primary hand posture and second (H2) that the joint loads would be larger in species using their hand primarily for locomotion compared to those using it for manipulation
Not as strongly as expected, both hypotheses were supported by this study; mean joint load vector directions were in line with the primary hand postures during knuckle-walking locomotion, suspensory locomotion, and manipulation and mean joint load vector magnitudes tended to be larger in species using their hands for locomotion
Summary
A micro-finite element (FE)-based inverse remodelling method was developed that reconstructs the loading history of a bone based on its architecture alone (Christen et al 2012; Fischer et al 1998). This method is potentially useful to compute in vivo bone loading required to predict. The goal of the algorithm is, to find the loading history that most closely leads to remodelling equilibrium within the whole bone. It was shown that the hip joint loads predicted from whole proximal femora are plausible when compared to in vivo loading measured with instrumented prostheses (Synek and Pahr 2017)
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