Inverse relation between dietary fiber intake and visceral adiposity in overweight Latino youth

Abstract

BackgroundTo date, no studies have assessed the longitudinal changes of dietary intake on metabolic risk factors in Latino youth. ObjectiveWe assessed the relation between changes in dietary intake, specifically sugar and fiber intakes, with changes in adiposity and risk factors for type 2 diabetes in a longitudinal analysis of overweight Latino youth. DesignOverweight Latino youth (n = 85; aged 11–17 y) underwent the following measures over 2 y [mean (±SD) time difference was 1.5 ± 0.5 y]: dietary intake by 2-d diet recalls, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging, and glucose and insulin indexes by oral- and intravenous-glucose-tolerance tests. Partial correlations and repeated-measures analysis of covariance assessed the relation between changes in dietary intake with changes in adiposity and glucose and insulin indexes, independent of the following a priori covariates: sex, Tanner stage, time between visits, and baseline dietary and metabolic variables of interest. ResultsIncreases in total dietary fiber (g/1000 kcal) and insoluble fiber (g/1000 kcal) were associated with decreases in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (r = −0.29, P = 0.02, and r = –0.27, P = 0.03, for total dietary and insoluble fiber, respectively), independent of baseline covariates and change in subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. Participants who had decreased total dietary fiber (mean decrease of 3 g · 1000 kcal−1 · d−1) had significant increases in VAT compared with participants who had increased total dietary fiber (21% compared with −4%; P = 0.02). No other changes in dietary variables were related to changes in adiposity or metabolic variables. ConclusionSmall reductions in dietary fiber intake over 1–2 y can have profound effects on increasing visceral adiposity in a high-risk Latino youth population.