Abstract
Egypt is mainly covered by desert and only 4% of total lands is arable, mainly the alluvial plain of the Nile and its delta. In order to cope with the increasing population, the government of Egypt has been pressed into the development of Sinai Peninsula. So, it is indispensable to evaluate the potential groundwater resources for the development of the Sinai Peninsula. The key components are a conceptual model and a groundwater model with certain mathematical components. The conceptual model is a system analysis of the hydrogeological understanding of how water flows into, through and out of a groundwater system. Based on available borehole data, the study area is characterized to reach to the most representative conceptual models. Finally, a finite difference groundwater model was applied utilizing the graphic user interface GMS were used. In order to handle problems at regional scale, automated parameter estimation (PEST) was used in GMS. Moreover, recharge was parameterized using zones by defining these zones several factors were considered; for example, surface geology, density of vegetation, general land use, and LANDSAT image. However, Groundwater flow model successfully calibrated. Calibrated groundwater model helped to identify the heterogeneity in the aquifer.
Highlights
In order to cope with the increasing population, the government of Egypt has been pressed into the development of Sinai Peninsula
Calibrated groundwater model helped to identify the heterogeneity in the aquifer
Egypt is located in north-eastern Africa and includes the Sinai Peninsula, which is often considered as a part of Asia
Summary
Egypt is located in north-eastern Africa and includes the Sinai Peninsula ( named Sinai), which is often considered as a part of Asia. Egypt’s natural boundaries consist of more than 2900 kilometers of coastline along the Mediterranean Sea, the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba, and Red Sea. Sinai, the triangular-shaped peninsula of Egypt, is situated between Asia and Africa. The separation of the two continents caused the form and geographical shape of Sinai and the way it looks today. Sinai is approximately 380 km long (north-south) and 210 km wide (west-east). The surface area has an extension of 61,000 km; the coasts are stretching about 600 km to the west and to the east (Figure 1)
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