Abstract
The inventory of aircraft emissions over the Taipei Flight Information Region (FIR) has been developed with 1997 as the baseline year. We first analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of flight frequency based on the official civil aviation monthly reports, airline flight schedules and pilots’ on-air reports. Fuel consumption and trace-gas emissions are then calculated by using the engine performance database of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and a few other data sources. The emission inventory is further classified according to the flight types (domestic or international), aircraft types (passenger jets, cargo jets or propeller aircraft), as well as the state of aircraft operation (idle, takeoff, climb-out, cruise and approach/landing). Engine types, number of engines per aircraft, as well as engine performance at different operation states are all considered in estimating the emission rates. The emission rates of six trace chemicals (NO X , CO, CO 2 , S, HC and H 2 O) are estimated for all flight routes and airports, and at different cruise altitudes. To get a sense of their relative importance, we compared the total emissions from aircraft over the Taipei FIR with those from the ground transport in Taiwan. The ratios we obtained are 14.5% for NO X , 9.5% for S, CO 2 and H 2 O, 0.86% for CO, and 0.42% for HC. About 85% of the NO X and 80% of the S, CO 2 and H 2 O were emitted into the upper troposphere, whereas most of the CO (74%) and HC (60%) were produced on the surface. A further comparison shows that the amount of aircraft-produced NO X over the Taiwan area is about 69% of those produced over Mainland China, and aircraft-produced sulfur is about 1.1% of those produced globally.
Highlights
Aircraft emissions have many impacts on global environment, such as the emissions of TAO, Vol 12, No I, March 2001 greenhouse gases, depletion of stratospheric ozone, production of tropospheric ozone, and the formation of cirrus-like contrail clouds
Fuel consumption and trace-gas emissions are calculated by using the engine performance database of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and a few other data sources
Aircraft emissions cause the formation of contrails, which cover about 0.1% of the Earth's surface and much larger percentages on the regional scale
Summary
Aircraft emissions have many impacts on global environment, such as the emissions of. The radiative forcing from contrails is about 0.02 W m·2 on a global average (IPCC 1996), but can be an order of magni tude higher on a regional scale (Fortuin et al 1995) Such aircraft-induced radiative forcing may increase by about 5 fold by 2050, due to the high growth rate in aviation activity. Sce narios of global aviation emissions have been studied and compared among National Aero nautics and Space Administration of the United Sates (Baughchum et al 1996b), the Deutsches Zentrum fur Luft- und Raumfahrt and the European Abatement of Nuisances Caused by Air Transport/ European Commission (Gardner 1998) They estimated a 4% average growth rate of aviation fuel consumption from 1992 to 2015.
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