Abstract
Pathogenic nematodas are widespread in nature, it can attack plants, animals, and humans and cause disruption to their hosts, then effect to lower quantity of plantation, yields, and livestock production and also affect to degradation of human resource quality. This paper is a systematic review that uses literature method about the inventory of nematoda parasite that attacks plants, animals and human, some method of examination and the effects that occurred by the host. The major parasite nematodas that infect the plants are Meloidogyne sp, Pratylenchut sp, and Radopholus sp., nematode in animals are Strongyloides spp., Haemonchus spp., Oesophagosomum spp., and Trichostrongyloides spp. In the fish variant, Anisakis spp, and nematode in humans are Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and hookworm. Some animal nematodas were found to attack humans whereas plant nematodas have not been reported to be found in humans or animals. Nematoda control is by anthelmintic consumption, environmental modification, personal hygiene and the use of biological agents.
Highlights
Pathogenic nematodas are widespread in nature, it can attack plants, animals, and humans and cause disruption to their hosts, effect to lower quantity of plantation, yields, and livestock production and affect to degradation of human resource quality
This paper is a systematic review that uses literature method about the inventory of nematoda parasite that attacks plants, animals and human, some method of examination and the effects that occurred by the host
Some animal nematodas were found to attack humans whereas plant nematodas have not been reported to be found in humans or animals
Summary
Nematoda berasal dari bahasa Yunani yang berarti “benang” karena bentuknya yang memanjang (Dropkin, 1990). Menurut Sugiharto, 1989 dalam Firman, ukuran nematoda beraneka ragam dari ukuran mikroskopik seperti nematoda pada tanaman hingga ukuran yang dapat dilihat dengan mata telanjang seperti nematoda pada hewan dan manusia. Nematoda mempunyai jumlah spesies terbesar di antara cacing-cacing yang hidup sebagai parasit. Cacing-cacing nematoda memiliki ukuran, habitat, daur hidup, dan hubungan hospes parasit yang berbeda. Terdapat sekitar 10.000 jenis nematoda yang hidup dalam segala jenis habitat mulai dari tanah, air tawar, dan air asin sampai tanaman dan hewan. Siklus hidup nematoda dimulai dari telur, empat stadium larva, dan dewasa. Stadium infektif dapat berupa telur infektif atau larva infektif tergantung jenis nematoda. Larva yang infektif tidak dapat makan, tetapi hidup dari cadangan makanan di dalam sel-sel ususnya. Larva infektif dapat menginfeksi inang definitif dengan cara termakan atau aktif menembus melalui kulit. Apabila sudah berada di dalam inang definitif, cacing muda akan menetap di dalam habitatnya dan berkembang menjadi dewasa
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