Abstract
Invasomes are novel vesicular systems that exhibit improved transdermal penetration compared to conventional liposomes. These vesicles contain phospholipids, ethanol, and terpene in their structures; these components confer suitable transdermal penetration properties to the soft vesicles. The main advantages of these nanovesicles lie in their ability to increase the permeability of the drug into the skin and decrease absorption into the systemic circulation, thus, limiting the activity of various drugs within the skin layer. In this paper, several features of invasomes, including their structure, mechanism of penetration, applications, characterization, and potential advantages in dermal drug delivery, are highlighted. Overall, this review suggests that enhanced transdermal penetration of drugs using invasomes provides an appropriate opportunity for the development of lipid vesicular carriers.
Highlights
IntroductionThe stratum corneum, the outer layer of the skin, is an essential skin permeation barrier for many drugs
The transdermal route is an important pathway for localized or systemic effects [1]
Conventional liposomes are not approved as appropriate systems for transdermal delivery of drugs as they are unable to permeate the inner layers of skin and, their effects remain limited to the upper layers [13]
Summary
The stratum corneum, the outer layer of the skin, is an essential skin permeation barrier for many drugs To overcome this barrier, several techniques have been developed [2,3,4,5,6], including the use of methods that change the stratum corneum (SC) continuity, such as ultrasound, electroporation, and iontophoresis, and the use of the vehicle and nanocarriers to improve drug penetration [3,5,7,8,9]. Conventional liposomes are not approved as appropriate systems for transdermal delivery of drugs as they are unable to permeate the inner layers of skin and, their effects remain limited to the upper layers [13]. Aalltdhoruugghdethlievreeryar[e28co] manpdrelhiteenrsaitvuereresvaibewoultitienrvaatusroems easbo[2u9t],totphiicsarledveiermwadl eaanlds wtriatnhsvdaerrmioauls aspecdtsruogf idnevliavseormy e[2s8w] iatnhdnleitweroatrugraensizaabtoiuotniannvdasionmcleusd[e2s9]t,htehliastreesvtisetwuddieeaslasbwoiutht ivnavraiosoums aes.pects of invasomes with new organization and includes the latest studies about invasome
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