Invasive Species &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Echinochloa colona&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; Reduces Abundance and Diversity of Resident Plant Communities in Tropical Wetland

Samora M Andrew

doi:10.4236/oje.2018.89029

Abstract

Although the relationship between invasive alien species (IAS) and plant community structure has attracted considerable interest, the impacts of IAS on abundance and diversity of resident plant communities in species rich-ecosystems, such as tropical wetlands are poorly understood. Consequently, this has impeded development of improved management strategies and successful restoration of invaded tropical wetlands. Therefore, data on vegetation were collected from 60 plots of 20 × 50 m to study the impacts of alien invasive grass Echinochloa colona (L.) Link abundance on plant community abundance, richness, evenness and diversity of resident plant species within grasslands of the Kilombero Valley wetland, Tanzania. Moreover, the impacts of abundance of E. colona on plant functional groups (i.e. graminoids, forbs and shrubs) richness were also explored. Generalized linear models showed that community richness, evenness, diversity and abundance of resident species were negatively related to the E. colona abundance. There was a negative relationship between richness of graminoids and shrubs and the abundance of E. colona. Similarly, the abundance of graminoids, forbs and shrubs is related negatively to the abundance of E. colona. Given that most of the community and functional group attributes of resident plants is related negatively to E. colona abundance, improved management strategies should be developed to minimize the abundance and further spread of E. colona to restore and conserve wetland biodiversity.

Highlights

Plant invasion is increasingly causing ecosystems degradation with large negative impacts on ecological functions and biodiversity in natural and agroecosystems
Generalized linear models showed that community richness, evenness, diversity and abundance of resident species were negatively related to the E. colona abundance
Richness, evenness and abundance were negatively related to the E. colona abundance (Table 1; Figures 2(a)-(d))

Summary

Introduction

Plant invasion is increasingly causing ecosystems degradation with large negative impacts on ecological functions and biodiversity in natural and agroecosystems. There is a pressing need to understand the impacts of invasive alien species (IAS) on resident plant communities and monitor their spread [1] as the extent of biological invasions grows rapidly across the globe and native species extinctions increase. Such an understanding would facilitate development of improved mitigation strategies to restore and halt biodiversity loss in high rate plant invasion ecosystems such as wetlands [2]. This study contributes to filling the existing knowledge gap on the relationship between IAS and resident plant communities in species-rich tropical ecosystems which are overall little studied in regards to biological invasions [4]

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Discussion

Conclusion