Invariance of multipole polarisabilities of nuclear magnetic shielding within the approach of continuous transformation of the origin of the current density

Abstract

Electric multipole polarisabilities of nuclear magnetic shielding of a molecule in the presence of external fields—a uniform magnetic and a non-uniform electric field—calculated via the approach of continuous transformation of the origin of the current density, are shown to be invariant in a translation of the gauge of the vector potential. However, multipole polarisabilities depend upon the origin of the coordinate system for multipole higher than dipole, because of the intrinsic origin dependence of the related operators.