Invariability of rate dependences of normalized flow stress in niobium and molybdenum under conditions of shock compression

Abstract

The evolution of elastic-plastic shock waves has been studied in pure molybdenum and niobium at normal and elevated temperatures over propagation distances ranging from 0.03 to 5 mm. The experiments revealed that annealing of the metals substantially increases their Hugoniot elastic limits and, to a lesser degree, their spall strengths. Variations in the resistance of both the metals to fracture in tension with the test temperature can be described as modest. Measuring the decay of the elastic precursor waves with a propagation distance in the two metals has allowed a determining of the relationships between a flow stress τ and an initial plastic strain rate γ̇p. It was found that, at the plastic strain rates greater than 3÷4×104s−1, the temperature sensitivity of the transient values of τ is much lower than that at the strain rates below this range. The τ(γ̇p) data normalized on shear moduli of the metals have been approximated by simple functions that, despite substantial differences between the moduli and yield stresses, were found to be virtually identical for the two metals.