Abstract
Inula japonica Thunb. (Asteraceae) is a flowering plant that grows mainly in Korea, Japan, and China and its flower extract has diverse biological effects such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. However, the effects on obesity and enhancement of endurance capacity have not been explored yet. This study aims to reveal the effects of I. japonica flower ethanol extract (IJE) on obesity and endurance capacity in high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice and the mechanism. IJE inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in vitro. Also, IJE-fed mice showed reduced body weight gain, hepatic lipid, and body fat mass, and increased muscle weight. IJE reduced lipid accumulation in the liver and adipose tissue by decreasing lipogenic and adipogenic gene expression. Additionally, consumption of low-dose IJE significantly enhanced endurance capacity via increasing AMP-activated protein kinase activity and mRNA levels of Myh7 and Myh2. Luteolin and 1β-hydroxyalantolactone (1β-HA), compounds of IJE, are involved in anti-adipogenesis in the 3T3-L cells and only luteolin increased the protein levels of MHC during C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Collectively, our results suggest that consumption of IJE not only helps to prevent obesity but also enhances endurance capacity reduced by HFD.
Highlights
Inula (Asteraceae) is a large genus containing about 100 species of flowering plants that grow in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Mediterranean countries
We examined the effects of I. japonica flower ethanol extract (IJE) on lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells
Our results indicated that luteolin and 1β-HA, the compounds of IJE, affected myogenic and adipogenic differentiation respectively, and the effects may contribute to alleviate affected myogenic and adipogenic differentiation respectively, and the effects may contribute to obesity and enhance endurance performance
Summary
Inula (Asteraceae) is a large genus containing about 100 species of flowering plants that grow in Asia, Africa, Europe, and Mediterranean countries. 20 species are distributed in Northern Asia [1]. (Asteraceae) is mainly distributed in Korea, Japan, and northern China. It is called geumbulcho in Korea and used as a folk medicine to control asthma, coughs, and phlegm. Essential oils extracted from I. japonica increase the sensitivity of MCF-7/ADR cells to doxorubicin by downregulating the expression of ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member 1. They have been suggested to be effective
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