Abstract
1.1 Less-lethal weapons, such as police batons and chemical irritants, have an important role in law enforcement, which aims to protect individuals and uphold the law. They may be used either in situations where some degree of force is necessary but where the use of firearms would be unlawful, or as a less dangerous alternative to firearms, in order to reduce the risk of injury to members of the public, including those suspected of criminal conduct. Law enforcement officials should be equipped with an appropriate range of less-lethal weapons and related equipment. Where they are equipped only with a baton and a firearm, the risks to themselves and to the public may be heightened.
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