Abstract
How do people who have never been near a farm understand a phrase such as ‘a hard row to hoe’? How do people who have never driven on a muddy road understand ‘stuck in a rut’? How do some metaphors (‘kingdom of God’, ‘brotherhood’, ‘natural selection’, ‘invisible hand’) maintain their vitality and transformative power decade after decade, century after century? How important is metaphor to effective thinking and communication? Is metaphor simply a decorative embellishment, added on to make a passage more ‘lively’ or ‘colourful’, or are metaphors necessary to effective communication and even to thought? (A word about notation: I will put metaphorical phrases in italics within quotation marks; corresponding non-metaphorical concepts will appear in italics without quotation marks.)KeywordsQuotation MarkWalnut ShellConceptual MetaphorFigurative LanguageMetaphorical LanguageThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
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