Abstract
The electric power system consists of three main parts: generation, transmission, and distribution systems. The distribution systems suffer from poor power quality and increasing power losses. Distributed energy resources (DERs) are widely incorporated into the electrical distribution systems to address several issues, such as reducing power losses, maximizing the power system readability, increasing the total transfer capabilities, and improving the voltage profile. DERs can be categorized into (a) conventional-based distributed generations (DGs) such as diesel and gas generation units and (b) renewable-based DGs such as photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT), biomass, hydro, and tidal generation units. Also, the distributed flexible AC transmission systems (D-FACTS) are incorporated into the distribution systems for improving the system performance, boosting the voltage profile, and mitigating the harmonics in the system. Thus, it is mandatory to include the DERs along with D-FACTS to maximize the benefits and improve the system significantly.
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