Introduction

Abstract

South Asia is an important region in the world for its large population base, natural resources, business and trade market, geographic position, and rich cultural heritage and history. The vibrancy and the developmental potential of the region are, however, being seriously undermined by the severe energy and environmental challenges it faces. The per capita electricity consumption in South Asia is less than a quarter of the world average, and one-third of the global population without access to electricity lives there. After Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia is the second region in the world in terms of the lowest per capita electricity consumption. It is home to almost a quarter of the world population while having just 5% of the global electricity generating capacity. The environmental indicators in the region are not very promising either as South Asian countries (SACs) are facing serious threats from climate change. South Asia is also one of the most volatile regions in the world in terms of geopolitics. The chapter discusses the role of energy and environment towards sustainable development. An overview of South Asia has been presented reflecting upon regional geographic and demographic features. The chapter also deliberates upon the energy and environmental challenges facing South Asia. Wide-ranging geopolitical issues – especially territorial and water disputes – affecting the stability and development in the region have also been discussed.