Abstract
Abstract This introductory chapter introduces the concept of a ‘bystander society’. It addresses the distinctive situation of bystanding within a wider context of state-sponsored collective violence, as was the case in Nazi Germany. Certain types of social relations and political conditions produce a greater likelihood of widespread passivity in face of violence. A ‘bystander society’ developed in Nazi Germany, such that fewer people were likely to stand up on behalf of victims, but rather remained passive or even became complicit in stigmatizing and ousting individuals from the newly redefined ‘national community’. The chapter raises the question of whether the passivity of bystanders helps to explain the outcomes of violence.
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