Abstract
AbstractIn this chapter, the structure of the Earth’s interior and the distributions of pressure and temperature are first shown. Most constituent minerals of the Earth’s mantle are dense silicates and oxides that are stable at high pressure and high temperature. To investigate the structures and properties of materials at high pressure and high temperature, the generation of high P and T conditions in laboratories is essential. Thermodynamic calculations are also valuable for investigating the high-pressure and high-temperature phase relations of minerals and rocks under equilibrium conditions. In addition, high-pressure and high-temperature experiments are widely used to invent new functional materials for industrial use. Mineral names, including those of high-pressure minerals described in the following chapters, are summarized in the final section.KeywordsHigh pressureMantleCorePyroliteMineral physicsFunctional materialHigh-pressure mineral
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