Introduction to Ultra-Wideband Radar Systems

Abstract

Ultra-Wideband Radar Overview, J.D. Taylor Introduction Ultra-Wideband Radar Terminology and Concepts Potential Applications of UWB Radar UWB Systems Frequency Spectrum Sharing and Interference Issues Book Conclusion References Technical Issues in Ultra-Wideband Radar Systems, H.F. Engler, Jr. Introduction Fundamental Radar Principles Classification of Radar Waveforms Technical Issues in UWB Radar System Design Summary References Appendices: Signal Characteristics Governing Range and Velocity Measurement Resolution Range Accuracy Requirements for Velocity Estimation from Differential Time Delay The Concept of Nonlinearity Analytical Techniques for Ultra-Wideband Signals, M. Rangaswamy and T.K. Sarkar Preface Part 1: Fourier Analysis of Signals Introduction Information and Bandwidth Fourier Analysis of Signals Properties of the Fourier Transform Dirac-Delta Function Fourier Transform of Periodic Signals Numerical Computation of the Fourier Transform Spectral Density Times Correlation of Power Signals Power Spectral Density of Random Signals Conclusion References Part 2: Laplace Transforms and Signal Analysis Introduction Laplace Transforms Inverse Laplace Transform Properties of Laplace Transform One-Sided Laplace Transform Applications of the Two-Sided Laplace Transform Pulse Propagation in a Long Medium Conclusion References Part 3: Limitations of Time and Frequency Approaches Introduction Consideration in Performing Time-Domain Measurements Data Acquisition Processing Considerations Transformations from the Discrete to the Continuous Domain Experimental Verification Characterization of Objects in the Frequency Domain Conclusion References Transmitters Power Supply Design, D. Platts Introduction Considerations for Power Supply Design Pulsed Power Supplies Switching Techniques for Pulsed Power Supplies Conclusion References Light-Activated Semiconductor Switches for UWB Radar, O.S.F. Zucker and I.A. McIntyre Introduction The Evolution of the Requirements Digital Synthesis of UWB Signals by Sequential Switching Digital Synthesis: Experimental Results Switches and Their Limits Switch Optical Requirements Switch Choice Conclusion Acknowledgments References Ultra-Wideband Antenna Technology Introduction and Overview Antennas and UWB Signals, P.R. Foster Introduction Antenna Elements Aperture Antennas References Array Antenna Calculations in the Time Domain Using Pseudorandomly Coded Signals, J.D. Halsey Introduction Impulse Signal Design Correlating Receivers Fundamentals of Beamforming in the Time Domain Numerical Simulation Conclusions References Appendix: A Discussion of Time-Domain Field Equations Ultra-Wideband Impulse Antennas, M.G.M. Hussain Introduction Relative Bandwidth The Large-Current Radiator Field Strengths and Magnetic Flux of the Large-Current Radiator Measured Antenna Patterns References Linear Array Beam Forming with Nonsinusoidal Waves, M.G.M. Hussain Introduction Array Beamforming with Sinusoidal Waves Beamforming with Nonsinusoidal Waves Frequency Domain Array Beamforming Transfer Function and Impulse Response of Linear Array Synthesis of Antenna Array Beam Patterns Summary References Direct Radiating Systems A Basic UWB Design and Experiments: Blumlein Impulse Generator and TEM Radiator, W.C. Nunnally and R.N. Edwards Practical UWB Impulse Generators and Radiators Description of Transverse Electromagnetic Transmitter Basic Impulse Radiation Considerations Experimental Results Conclusions References Design and Analysis of an Example of NEMP Radiating Antenna, D. Giri Introduction Design and Analysis of an Example of NEMP Radiating Antenna Radiating NEMP Simulators Antenna Concepts for UWB Radar Acknowledgments References Propagation and Energy Transfer RF Propagation in the Atmosphere, R. Roussel-Dupre Introduction UWB Propagation Low-Power Propagation through a Background Plasma High-Power Propagation in Nonlinear Media References Energy Transfer through Media and Sensing of the Media, T.W. Barrett Introduction to Energy Transfer Concepts Advanced Theory of Dielectrics and Transmissions through Media Pulse Envelope Effects Soliton Waves, Group Theory, and Electromagnetic Missile Concepts References Appendices: Further Developments in Self-Induced Transparency The Nonlinear Wave Equations and Solitons Relation of U(1) and SU(2) Symmetry Groups Transmitter Signature and Target Signature of Radar Signals, H.F. Harmuth Introduction Features of Carrier-Free Radar Signals Position Coding and Large Target Signature Character Coding and Large Target Signature Conclusions References Appendix: Continuous and Transient Response of Resonant Circuits Radar Cross Section and Target Scattering, M.L. VanBlaricum Introduction Radar Cross Section The Scattering Matrix Frequency Dependence of RCS Relationships among CW, Transient, and Wideband Scattering The Singularity Expansion Formulation Resonance Based Target Identification References Ultra-Wideband Radar Receivers, J.D. Taylor and E.C. Kisenwether Introduction Narrowband and UWB Signal Receiver Concepts UWB Threshold Signal Detection Correlation Detection UWB Radar Receivers and Signal Processing References Appendices: Narrowband Receiver Sensitivity to UWB Signals Computation of Correlator Output vs. SNR High Order Signal Processing for Ultra-Wideband Radar Signals, V.Z. Marmarelis, D. Sheby, E.C. Kisenwether, and T.A. Erdley Introduction Background Methodology Experiment Results Conclusions Acknowledgments References Performance Prediction and Modeling, T.W. Barrett Introduction and Overview Theoretical Background for Time Domain Signal Processing Radar Performance Prediction Principles Comparison Analysis of Frequency Domain and Time Domain Signals Time Domain Radar Performance Prediction Rules for Time Domain Radar Performance Equation Practical Example of a Time Domain Radar System and Analysis References Appendices: Periodic, Aperiodic, and Random Signals The Gaussian Approximation: Heterodyne vs. Homodyne Reception Boundary Diffraction