Abstract

This chapter introduces the fundamentals of the architecture and body plans of the animal kingdom. It acknowledges the concept of body symmetry as a fundamental aspect of an animal's body plan so most animal phyla exhibit bilateral symmetry with associated cephalization, while some phyla have various forms of radial symmetry. A good number of animals rely on symbiotic relationships with various microbes, which provide all or part of their nutrition. The chapter explains how almost all animals must osmoregulate and deal with toxic byproducts of protein digestion. It then explains the sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction that occurs in every animal phylum.

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