Introduction to Systems Analysis

Abstract

This chapter will provide the foundational concepts pertaining to systems analysis. The subject of systems analysis has led to successful operation of a myriad types of systems in multiple engineering, technology, socioeconomic, and policymaking domains. The chapter begins with selected definitions of the term system, which will pave the way to what is systems analysis, as well as the typical processes and applications associated with systems analysis. There is also an overarching field of systems engineering, which a vast number of literature claims to be the parent field of systems analysis. Hence, the chapter will relate and show how systems analysis is implemented to perform systems engineering. The fundamental focus of systems analysis is the operation and maintenance of current systems, seeing to it that they are continuously optimized to satisfy the objectives and goals of its owners, operators, and stakeholders. On the other hand, systems engineering also performs optimization, but it also holistically covers the systems lifecycle from definition, development, and deployment of new systems (and decommissioning or retirement of current systems). Hence, this chapter will also encompass selected systems engineering concepts to set a more overarching context to systems analysis. The electronic flight bag (EFB) system – a device that provides visualization of an aircraft’s position, enhances a pilot’s situational awareness, and reduces runway incursions – is used to explain the key processes involved in systems analysis and engineering. An EFB can enhance flight efficiency as it leads to a reduction in pilot workload, minimize the need for printing multiple hardcopies of flight manuals and airport maps, and can potentially save on fuel use. Hence, it is an appropriate example of a system that contributes to the overarching theme of sustainable technologies for this encyclopedia.