Abstract
Sex differences in the incidence of neuropsychiatric disorders have been known for decades. Syndromes as diverse as depression and Alzheimer’s disease are roughly twice as common in females than males, and anorexia nervosa occurs more than an order of magnitude more frequently in females. By contrast, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is fourfold more common in males, with schizophrenia showing a modest (40%) higher incidence in males. Despite these epidemiological data, it is only relatively recently that insight into the molecular bases of such sex differences is beginning to appear.
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