Abstract
It is really hard to overestimate the role which studies of hydrogen have played in establishing modern physics. Regularities in the spectrum of atomic hydrogen (known now as Lyman, Balmer, Paschen and Bracket series) inspired the appearance of Bohr’s theory of the atom and the so-called old quantum mechanics. This model explained general features of hydrogen physics but not in full detail. A crucial success of the Schodinger theory was a calculation of the secondand the third-order terms of the perturbative expansion for the Stark effect in the hydrogen atom [1]. The non-relativistic theory was still not perfect and in particular it was not capable of dealing with the fine structure of hydrogenic lines. The problem was resolved with the discovery of the Dirac equation, which explained the fine structure and also a specific value for the spin component of the magnetic moment of the electron (g = 2). Some historical overview can be found in Ref. [2],[3].
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