Introduction to Rectal Cancer and the Importance of Nerve Preservation

Abstract

Introduction: Rectal cancer is an increasingly common and worrying disease that affects the rectum, the terminal part of the large intestine. Early detection and treatment are crucial to improving patient outcomes. Methods: We conducted a narrative review of the scientific literature to examine nerve preservation in rectal cancer surgery. Previous studies were analyzed and relevant findings related to the preservation of autonomic and pelvic nerves, as well as the prevention of sphincter dysfunction, were identified. Results: Rectal surgeries may be associated with various complications, which can have a significant impact on patients' quality of life. The preservation of the autonomic and pelvic nerves plays a crucial role in reducing postoperative urinary and sexual dysfunction. Studies have shown that nerve-sparing surgical techniques improve functional outcomes and patient satisfaction. Discussion: Nerve preservation in rectal cancer surgery requires a meticulous surgical approach and a thorough understanding of the anatomical structures involved. By preserving nerve function, not only urinary and sexual function are improved, but also overall quality of life. In addition, nerve preservation plays a critical role in preventing sphincter dysfunction after pelvic exenteration surgery. Conclusions: The preservation of autonomic and pelvic nerves in rectal cancer surgery is essential to minimize complications and improve patients' quality of life. Proper patient selection and compliance with oncology criteria contribute to the preservation of sphincter function without compromising survival rates. Preoperative radiation therapy may also increase the likelihood of sphincter sparing in patients with rectal cancer