Abstract

The grand goal of Machine Learning is to develop software which can learn from previous experience—similar to how we humans do. Ultimately, to reach a level of usable intelligence, we need (1) to learn from prior data, (2) to extract knowledge, (3) to generalize—i.e., guessing where probability function mass/density concentrates, (4) to fight the curse of dimensionality, and (5) to disentangle underlying explanatory factors of the data—i.e., to make sense of the data in the context of an application domain. To address these challenges and to ensure successful machine learning applications in various domains an integrated machine learning approach is important. This requires a concerted international effort without boundaries, supporting collaborative, cross-domain, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary work of experts from seven sections, ranging from data pre-processing to data visualization, i.e., to map results found in arbitrarily high dimensional spaces into the lower dimensions to make it accessible, usable and useful to the end user. An integrated machine learning approach needs also to consider issues of privacy, data protection, safety, security, user acceptance and social implications. This paper is the inaugural introduction to the new journal of MAchine Learning & Knowledge Extraction (MAKE). The goal is to provide an incomplete, personally biased, but consistent introduction into the concepts of MAKE and a brief overview of some selected topics to stimulate future research in the international research community.

Highlights

  • Introduction to MAchine Learning & KnowledgeExtraction (MAKE)Andreas HolzingerReceived: 8 May 2017; Accepted: 23 June 2017; Published: 3 July 2017 AbstractThe grand goal of Machine Learning is to develop software which can learn from previous experience—similar to how we humans do

  • A solution to this problem is of highest interest for health informatics, where relevant data sets are complex and of high dimensionality with heterogeneous features [67], but where at the same time sophisticated bodies of knowledge are available for a long time, for example in the form of well-established classification systems including the unified medical language system (UMLS), the international classification of diseases (ICD), or the standard nomenclature of medical terms (SNOMED), as well as ontologies from the *omics data world including OMIM, GO, or FMA, just to mention a few

  • Integrative/Integrated Machine Learning is based on the idea of combining the best of the two worlds dealing with understanding intelligence, which is manifested in the HCI–KDD approach: [120,121,122]: Human–Computer Interaction (HCI), rooted in cognitive science, dealing with human intelligence, and Knowledge Discovery/Data Mining (KDD), rooted in computer science dealing with computational intelligence [67]

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Summary

Executive Summary

Machine learning deals with understanding intelligence for the design and development of algorithms that can learn from data, to gain knowledge from experience and improve their learning behaviour over time. Machine learning is the fastest growing technical field, having many application domains, e.g., smart health, smart factory (Industry 4.0), etc. With many use cases from our daily life, e.g., recommender systems, speech recognition, autonomous driving, etc. The grand challenges are in sensemaking, in context understanding, and in decision making under uncertainty. The real-world is full of uncertainties and probabilistic information—and probabilistic inference enormously influenced artificial intelligence and statistical learning. The inverse probability allows to infer unknowns, to learn from data and to make predictions to support decision making. Complex data sets require efficient, useful and usable solutions for knowledge discovery and Knowledge Extraction

Machine Learning
Selected three Future Research Challenges
Benefits of the New Journal MAKE
Integrative Machine Learning
Section 3: Visualization
Section 4: Privacy
Conclusions
Full Text
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