Abstract
Abstract. Houston, Texas is one of the places that first employed high-accuracy GPS technology for land subsidence monitoring beginning in the late 1980s. Currently, there are over 170 permanent GPS stations located in the Houston metropolitan area. This article summarizes the current GPS geodetic infrastructure in the Houston metropolitan area, which is comprised of three components: a dense GPS network with 170 permanent stations, a stable Houston reference frame (SHRF14), and sophisticated software packages for post positioning processing. Average land subsidence and groundwater-level altitude changes during the past 10 years (2005–2014) also are presented in this paper.
Highlights
Introduction toGPS geodetic infrastructure for land subsidence monitoring in Houston, Texas, USAG
In addition to the PAM GPS network, there are over 40 Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) in the Houston area (Wang and Soler, 2013). These CORS are operated by a joint effort of the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Texas Department of Transportation, the City of Houston, and other local agencies
The current dense GPS and groundwater monitoring networks in this area have provided direct measurements used for the purpose of studying the correlation between land subsidence and groundwater withdrawal and for the scientific management of groundwater and land resources
Summary
Land subsidence in the Houston, Texas area has been occurring for almost a century. Accumulated subsidence of over 3 m during the past century has been observed in a large area of southeast Harris County, including Houston downtown, the cities of Pasadena, Baytown, Texas City, and Galveston (Kasmarek et al, 2009). In addition to the PAM GPS network, there are over 40 Continuously Operating Reference Stations (CORS) in the Houston area (Wang and Soler, 2013). These CORS are operated by a joint effort of the National Geodetic Survey (NGS) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Texas Department of Transportation, the City of Houston, and other local agencies. There are no stable sites that have velocities of 0 mm year−1 within the Houston metropolitan area with respect to the NAD83 and IGS08 reference frames.
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