Abstract

AbstractUrbanization has increased the demand for underground infrastructure to be built in order to minimize disruptions to road users, hence the popularization of trenchless technology. Pipe jacking is just one of the many trenchless technology methods, others being the displacement (e.g., pipe ramming), drilling (e.g., horizontal directional drilling), and conventional large tunneling methods. Conventionally, microtunneling comes as a subset of the pipe jacking method, but in recent decades, larger tunneling shields have been incorporated into pipe jacking works as well.

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