Abstract
Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the mumps virus, but the incidence of mumps has increased among the children who were vaccinated with one-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) in recent years. In this study, we analyzed the influence of different doses of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) against mumps using Cox-proportional hazard model. We collected 909 mumps cases of children who were born from 2006 to 2010 and vaccinated with different doses of MuCV in Quzhou during 2006-2018, which were all clinically diagnosed. Kaplan-Meier survival methods and Cox-proportional hazard model were used to estimate the hazard probabilities. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the cumulative hazard of male and female has no difference; lower hazards were detected among those who were vaccinated with two-dose MuCV, born in 2006, and infected after supplementary immunization activities (SIA). Cox-proportional hazard regression suggested that onset after SIA, born in 2006, and vaccinated with two-dose MuCV were protective factors against infection even after adjusting for potential confounding effects. Our study showed that it was necessary to revise the diagnostic criteria of mumps and identify RT-PCR as the standard for mumps diagnosis in China. We suggested that routine immunization schedule should introduce two doses of MMR and prevaccination screening should be performed before booster immunization in vaccinated populations.
Highlights
Introduction of TwoDose Mumps-Containing Vaccine into Routine Immunization Schedule in Quzhou, China, Using CoxProportional Hazard ModelZhiying Yin,1 Canjie Zheng,1 Quanjun Fang,1 Xiaoying Gong,1 Guoping Cao,1 Junji Li,1 Ziling Xiang,1 and Wei Song 2Received 28 August 2021; Revised 8 October 2021; Accepted 13 October 2021; Published 5 November 2021Academic Editor: Baohui XuMumps is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the mumps virus, but the incidence of mumps has increased among the children who were vaccinated with one-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) in recent years
Compared to the case before supplementary immunization activities (SIA), the incidence increased among kindergarten children and students, but it decreased among scattered children
A Canadian study showed [9] that detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) presented diagnostic difficulties in a highly vaccinated population, as a demonstrable increase in IgM levels following infection was often delayed or altogether absent in such individuals; detection of mumps virus by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was considered the gold standard for mumps diagnosis, but the success of detecting the virus depended on the technique used to collect and transport specimens as well as on the time of collection
Summary
Dose Mumps-Containing Vaccine into Routine Immunization Schedule in Quzhou, China, Using CoxProportional Hazard Model. Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease caused by the mumps virus, but the incidence of mumps has increased among the children who were vaccinated with one-dose measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) in recent years. We analyzed the influence of different doses of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) against mumps using Cox-proportional hazard model. Kaplan–Meier curves showed that the cumulative hazard of male and female has no difference; lower hazards were detected among those who were vaccinated with two-dose MuCV, born in 2006, and infected after supplementary immunization activities (SIA). Cox-proportional hazard regression suggested that onset after SIA, born in 2006, and vaccinated with two-dose MuCV were protective factors against infection even after adjusting for potential confounding effects. Ongoing mumps outbreaks [4, 5] suggested that current immunization schedule can be improved to be adapted to disease control
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