Introduction of a new procedure for the synthesis of polysulfone magnetic nanoparticles and their application in magnetic solid phase extraction for the extraction of some pesticides from fruit and vegetable juices

Abstract

Polysulfone magnetic nanoparticles with high adsorption capability have been synthesized through a simple and cost–effective manner for the extraction of some pesticide residues from fruit and vegetable juices. In this method, polysulfone, which is an environmentally–friendly polymer, is coated on an iron magnetic core and used as an adsorbent in magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction. This method is followed by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for extra preconcentration of the analytes. Finally, the enriched analytes are analyzed with gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector. The presented two–step method is benefited from fast and efficient clean–up of the magnetic dispersive solid phase extraction and high enrichment factor of the microextraction method. Method validation experiments demonstrated that this method has high enrichment factors (230–473) and extraction recoveries (46–95%) and satisfactory linearity (r2 ≥ 0.994) under the optimum conditions. Relative standard deviation is ≤ 5% for intra– (n = 6) and inter–day (n = 5) precisions at three different concentration levels (20, 100, and 250 µg L–1 of each analyte). Moreover, limits of detection and quantification are in the ranges of 0.28–0.54 and 0.96–1.9 µg L−1, respectively.