Abstract
The emergence of new kinds of racism in European societies – referred to variously as ‘Euro-racism’, ‘symbolic racism’, ‘cultural racism’ or, in France, as racisme différentiel – has been widely discussed (see for example Holmes 2000; Macmaster 2001). While these accounts differ, there is widespread agreement that racism in Europe is on the increase and that one of its characteristic features is hostility to migrants, refugees and asylum-seekers who are positioned in exclusionary discourse as the new ‘Others’. In this respect European racism is characterized by a hostility that is not exclusively defined by the traditional terms of ‘colour’ and ‘race’, as was typical of ‘biological’ racism in the industrial and colonial period (Fekete 2001).
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