Abstract
Through the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf (as well as through caravan routes), the Indian Ocean was linked to the Mediterranean, in the East through the South China, Java, and Timor Seas to the Pacific Ocean and, via the route around Cape Horn, the Atlantic could be reached. The circulation of peoples, goods, and ideas that took place within the Indian Ocean system has prompted Sugata Bose to call it an interregional arena. Abolition succeeded much later in the Indian Ocean than in the Atlantic Ocean. Slave trade was banned in the Atlantic relatively early in the nineteenth century, starting with a British ban in 1806 and, in 1807, the prohibition against Britons engaging in the trade and the ban on foreign slave traders in its ports. The movements of laborers that gradually supplanted the slave trade included both free and indentured workers. Keywords: Atlantic Ocean; Indian Ocean; Persian Gulf; Red Sea; slave trade; Timor Seas
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