Abstract

Introduction: Debates on Experience and Empiricism in Nineteenth Century France

Highlights

  • Debates on Experience and Empiricism in Nineteenth Century FranceDelphine Antoine-Mahut ENS de Lyon, IHRIM, CNRS UMR 5317, LABEX “COMOD”Silvia Manzo Universidad Nacional de La Plata – IdHICS/CONICET (Argentina)The lasting effects of the debate over canon-formation during the 1980s affected the whole field of Humanities, which became increasingly engaged in interrogating the origin and function of the Western canon (Gorak 1991; Searle 1990)

  • Depictions of the various “national philosophies” of the nineteenth century have usually been put into the following terms: to British “empiricism” corresponds French “spiritualism” and German “idealism.” On the other hand, such representations are informed by the existence of intra-national oppositions

  • In the case of France, French spiritualism is interpreted as a response to various forms of idéologie (Antoine Destutt de Tracy, 1754–1836), as well as being seen as a reaction to positivism (Auguste Comte, 1798–1857), a school that recovered the empiricist legacy of Étienne Bonnott de Condillac’s “sensualism” (1714–1780), heir of John Locke’s (1632–1704) “empiricism.” Franco-German relations have been interpreted in terms of a fight on both sides of the Rhine to produce the most rational and least hypothetical proposal for a new psychology and a new metaphysics

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Summary

Introduction

Debates on Experience and Empiricism in Nineteenth Century FranceDelphine Antoine-Mahut ENS de Lyon, IHRIM, CNRS UMR 5317, LABEX “COMOD”Silvia Manzo Universidad Nacional de La Plata – IdHICS/CONICET (Argentina)The lasting effects of the debate over canon-formation during the 1980s affected the whole field of Humanities, which became increasingly engaged in interrogating the origin and function of the Western canon (Gorak 1991; Searle 1990). Such an account customarily concludes that from Pierre Maine de Biran (1766–1824)3 to Henri Bergson (1859–1941) nothing happened that was philosophically coherent in France, because the epistemological potential of its experimentation shifted from philosophy to the positive sciences, and because its contributions to new developments in psychology and metaphysics bore fruit on the other side of the Rhine.

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