Introducing an Approach for Extracting Temperature from Aircraft GNSS and Pressure Altitude Reports in ADS-B Messages

Abstract

AbstractRecently work has been conducted in using routine air traffic management (ATM) data from aircraft to derive meteorological observations (de Haan; de Haan and Stoffelen). The paper at hand introduces and provides an initial analysis for a method of finding layer temperatures from aircraft broadcast messages. The method is analyzed using error analysis and is shown capable of producing mean layer temperatures with below ±1-K error with a layer thickness of 2000 m. Observed aircraft data have been compared to the expected errors from the analysis and have shown to be consistent to within 0.01 K. An initial comparison using four Aircraft Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) flights is also provided. The new layer temperature, existing Mode-S enhanced surveillance (EHS)-derived temperature, and an average Mode-S EHS-derived temperature are all compared to the AMDAR temperatures. The averaged Mode-S EHS-derived layer temperature is shown to have the lowest spread (mean standard deviation K), followed by the layer temperature introduced by this paper (mean standard deviation K), and then the unaveraged Mode-S EHS-derived temperature (mean standard deviation K). The layer temperature method has the advantage that no requested data are required from the aircraft, as all of the required parameters are part of the routine broadcast messages, making the method ideal in areas with a limited air traffic management infrastructure where the existing methods would not work.