Abstract
The magnetization of non-magnetic cells has great potential to aid various processes in medicine, but also in bioprocess engineering. Current approaches to magnetize cells with magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) require cellular uptake or adsorption through in vitro manipulation of cells. A relatively new field of research is “magnetogenetics” which focuses on in vivo production and accumulation of magnetic material. Natural intrinsically magnetic cells (IMCs) produce intracellular, MNPs, and are called magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). In recent years, researchers have unraveled function and structure of numerous proteins from MTB. Furthermore, protein engineering studies on such MTB proteins and other potentially magnetic proteins, like ferritins, highlight that in vivo magnetization of non-magnetic hosts is a thriving field of research. This review summarizes current knowledge on recombinant IMC generation and highlights future steps that can be taken to succeed in transforming non-magnetic cells to IMCs.
Highlights
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been of importance since the successful use of magnetically labeled antibodies for cell separation (Whitesides et al, 1983; Kemsheadl and Ugelstad, 1985)
This study showed that magA transfected HEK293TN cells showed comparable accumulation of 5 nm particles, increased intracellular iron concentration and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast when cultivated in 200 μM ferric citrate supplemented medium
Studies with M. gryphiswaldense and M. magneticum AMB-1 showed that intrinsically magnetic cells (IMCs) present proper tools for magnetic hyperthermia (Alphandéry et al, 2011; Gandia et al, 2019)
Summary
Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria Reviewed by: Robert Kourist, Graz University of Technology, Austria Claire Wilhelm, UMR 7057 Laboratoire Matière et Systèmes Complexes (MSC), France Specialty section: This article was submitted to Bioprocess Engineering, a section of the journal
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